The prime minister of Italy Giorgia Meloni extended her wishes for Pope Leo XIV in a post on X. “I extend my most sincere wishes to Pope Leo XIV for the beginning of his pontificate. In a time marked by conflict and unrest, his words from the Loggia delle Benedizioni are a powerful call for peace, brotherhood and responsibility. A spiritual legacy that follows the path traced by Pope Francis, and that Italy looks at with respect and hope.” 69-year-old US cardinal Robert Francis Prevost has been elected as Pope Leo XIV, prompted celebration and delight among more than 100,000 pilgrims and tourists in St Peter’s Square. The moderate, Chicago-born cardinal was given senior roles by Pope Francis, and has significant missionary experience in Peru having served as bishop of the northern city of Chiclayo. He was elected on the second day of conclave, securing a majority of votes among 133 cardinal electors. Global leaders, including US president Donald Trump and key European heads of state and government, offered their congratulations for the new head of the Roman Catholic church. But between wars, migration, the climate crisis and divisions in his church, the new leader has no shortage of challenges ahead. That’s all from me, Jakub Krupa, but Marina Dunbar will guide you through the evening in Rome with the latest updates. Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy: “Congratulations to His Holiness Pope Leo XIV @Pontifex on his election to the See of Saint Peter and the beginning of his pontificate. Ukraine deeply values the Holy See’s consistent position in upholding international law, condemning the Russian Federation’s military aggression against Ukraine, and protecting the rights of innocent civilians. At this decisive moment for our country, we hope for the continued moral and spiritual support of the Vatican in Ukraine’s efforts to restore justice and achieve a lasting peace. I wish His Holiness Leo XIV wisdom, inspiration, and strength—both spiritual and physical—in carrying out his noble mission. Ad multos annos!” French president Emmanuel Macron: “A historic moment for the Catholic Church and its millions of faithful. To Pope Leo XIV, and to all Catholics in France and around the world, I extend a message of fraternity. On this May 8th, may this new pontificate be one of peace and hope.” Russian president Vladimir Putin: “I am confident that the constructive dialogue and cooperation established between Russia and the Vatican will continue to develop on the basis of the Christian values that unite us.” European Council president António Costa: “I warmly welcome the election of the new Pope Leo XIV, a moment of hope for millions around the world. In times of division and uncertainty, his spiritual leadership can help inspire unity, compassion, and peace. The European Union and the Holy See share a deep commitment to human dignity. I’m looking forward to working together in our shared pursuit of the common good.” US state secretary Marco Rubio: “The United States looks forward to deepening our enduring relationship with the Holy See with the first American pontiff.” Lots of other European leaders also published their best wishes, including Spain’s Pedro Sánchez, Poland’s Andrzej Duda and Donald Tusk, Hungary’s Viktor Orbán, Portugal’s Luís Montenegro, Austria’s Christian Stocker, Czech Republic’s Petr Fiala, the Netherlands’ Dick Schoof and many, many others. Vatican’s news service has now posted a lengthy biography of the new pope. I have read it for you, so here are the key facts about Pope Leo XIV, Robert Francis Prevost: 69-year-old American first Augustinian Pope born in Chicago, Illinois to parents of French, Italian and Spanish decent has two brothers, Luis Martin and John Joseph studied in the US and entered the notiviate in Saint Louis, US, before receiving theological education in Chicago was sent to Rome at the age of 27 to study canon law, where he was ordained priest his long-standing connection with Peru dates back to 1985, when he served in an Augustinian mission in Chulucanas, Peru he later joined a separate mission in Trujillo, Peru he was made bishop of Chiclayo, Peru in 2015 promoted to archbishop in 2023 and created cardinal in 2024 From conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, to migration, the climate crisis and schisms in the church, the honeymoon period for the new pope will be short. The Roman Catholic church has a new leader, the Chicago-born Robert Francis Prevost, now Pope Leo XIV. Once the prayers are over and the crowds have dispersed from St Peter’s Square, what issues must the new pope grapple with? Church unity A key task will be to strengthen unity within the church amid growing polarisation in the world and different views and expectations within the church. Some observers believe there is a real risk of schism after 20 years in which there have been popes on either end of the spectrum: the traditional/conservative Benedict XVI, and the liberal/progressive Francis. International diplomacy The pope has an important role to play on the international stage, particularly to ensure that religion does not become a fault line. He will face ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, the Middle East and Sudan plus the politically divisive issues of migration, the climate crisis, religious freedom and human rights. Sexual abuse The legacy of sexual abuse cast a long shadow over Francis’s papacy. He was slow to grasp the scale and systemic nature of the problem, and at first did not understand the pain and anger of survivors. That pain has not gone away, and the new pope’s approach will inevitably come under intense scrutiny. Governance The new pope will need to take decisions on governance within the church, including the pace of change and levels of inclusion regarding laity and women. He will need to make key appointments within days to get the new papacy up and running. Vatican finances There are two aspects to this for the new pope’s attention: general oversight and transparency, on which there was significant progress under Pope Francis but still more to do; and the unsustainable levels of deficit in the Vatican finances, which deteriorated during Francis’s papacy. Sexuality and identity Francis shifted the church’s dial on issues relating to sexuality and identity, condemning discrimination against LGBTQ+ people, meeting trans men and women and authorising the blessings of same sex couples. Francis’s standpoint prompted a backlash among traditionalists, and the new pope will be watched closely for his views. Read more about papal in-tray: Chicago mayor Brandon Johnson responded to the news about the new pope on social media saying: Everything dope, including the Pope, comes from Chicago! Congratulations to the first American Pope Leo XIV! We hope to welcome you back home soon. It appears the new pope is active on social media. Given what seems to be his previous criticism towards some members of the Trump administration, such as this comment towards JD Vance or perhaps this one, their relationship will be one to watch. First congratulations are in from the US president, Donald Trump, who said on Truth Social: Congratulations to Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost, who was just named Pope. It is such an honor to realize that he is the first American Pope. What excitement, and what a Great Honor for our Country. I look forward to meeting Pope Leo XIV. It will be a very meaningful moment! In his first comments, the new pope calls for the light of Christ to serve “as the bridge” to God’s love. He recalls the words of St Augustine: For you I am a bishop; but with you I am a Christian. He also says a few words addressed to the church of Rome, and thanks his (now former) diocese in Chiclayo in Peru. He leads the faithful in St Peter’s Square in prayer, with Ave Maria. In his first comments in Italian, Pope Leo XIV says he wants this message of peace to “enter your hearts, to reach your families and all people, wherever they are.” Paying tribute to Pope Francis, he urges faithful to “move forward, without fear, united, hand in hand with God and with each other.” He also thanks fellow cardinals for choosing him for the role. The newly elected Pope Leo XIV, Cardinal Robert Prevost of the United States, appears on the balcony of St Peter’s Basilica. The new pope, US cardinal Robert Francis Prevost, will be known as Pope Leo XIV. It’s been a long while since we had a pope with this name: last Leo, Leo XIII, was elected in 1878 and served until his death in 1903. We have an American pope! Here’s our profile of Prevost from before the conclave: Despite the Vatican’s longstanding opposition to the idea of a pope from the US because of the country’s superpower status and secular global influence, the moderate, Chicago-born Prevost is still one to watch. Created a cardinal by Francis in 2023, the former leader of the Augustinian order was also appointed by the late pope to the powerful Dicastery for Bishops, which oversees the selection of new bishops from around the world. Those senior roles, combined with the fact that he has significant missionary experience in Peru, having served as bishop of the northern city of Chiclayo, may go some way to redeeming him in the eyes of those who would not usually countenance the idea of an American pope. And here’s the announcement… It’s just over an hour now since the white smoke, so we should see the new pope for the first time fairly soon. It will be the French cardinal protodeacon Dominique Mamberti who will announce the new pope to the world, with the historic phrase: “Habemus Papam!”. Unless, that it, he is the one who was elected! Daniel writes in to make a good point that “the baptismal name given in the announcement will be the latinized version of it.” Jorge Mario was “Giorgium Marium”, Joseph was “Josefus” and Karol was “Karolum”. Let’s see who is it now. from St Peter’s Square Raul Paredes and his family, from Colombia, were dancing with flags of their home country draped over their shoulders as the bells of St Peter’s Basilica confirmed that a new pope had been found. The family had booked their visit to Rome in December and had been hoping to see the late Pope Francis. “But then Francis got sick and suddenly died,” said Paredes. “But still, we crossed the Atlantic to be here for this incredible moment in history.” Parades admired Francis because, as a divorced Catholic, he felt welcomed by the church. “I hope we now get someone similar.” from St Peter’s Square There was a huge rush of journalists from the Vatican’s press centre who ran out on to the square to capture the immediate reaction. The rumour, the feeling that it would happen today was starting to build throughout the day. That seems to have begun when Cardinal Battista Re said this morning that he hopes to see the white smoke today. The atmosphere is absolutely incredible, I have never seen anything like it. Could it be any of the favourites we talked about? Or someone else? Surely not too long now before we learn that. If you’re wondering about the timing of that next steps, here’s Angela Giuffrida and Harriet Sherwood: When Jorge Bergoglio, who became Pope Francis, was elected in March 2013, his identity was revealed about 45 minutes after the white smoke when he appeared on the balcony above St Peter’s Square. Once the new pope appears on the balcony of St Peter’s Basilica, we will hear a simple message: Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum: Habemus Papam! Eminentissimum ac reverendissimum dominum, dominum [baptismal name], Sanctæ Romanæ Ecclesiæ Cardinalem [surname], qui sibi nomen imposuit [papal name]. … which translates to: I announce to you a great joy: We have a Pope! The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Father, Lord [baptismal name], Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church [surname], who takes to himself the name [papal name]. But who is it? Once the pope is elected, the dean of the College of Cardinals asks him: “Do you accept your canonical election as supreme pontiff?” If he agrees, he must decide his papal name. The cardinals will pledge obedience to the new pope. Then he will be taken into the adjacent Room of Tears, where he will change from his scarlet cardinal’s outfit into a white papal cassock. Usually small, medium and large cassocks are made in advance. This time it is thought the Vatican is recycling cassocks made for previous conclaves. The new pope is then led to the main balcony of St Peter’s Basilica to greet the crowds, where the famous words “Habemus Papam” will be said. And the bells are ringing now, too. No ambiguity there: we have got a new pope! It looks like we’ve got a new pope, everyone! As we wait, the entire gulls family is back on the roof! The challenge with this afternoon session is the uncertainty – we understand that won’t get any signal after the fourth round of voting unless a new pope is elected. Or, to put it simply, we will either see white smoke or nothing. And if it’s nothing, the wait will stretch into the evening, with the fifth round expected to conclude around 7 p.m. local time. A quick reminder: our live stream at the top of this blog is still active, showing the chimney atop the Sistine Chapel. Right, I promised you yesterday that we would get back to the question of the Vatican (sea)gulls and how did they end up there, quite a way in-land. Going by what you told me in your emails (thank you!), the explanation is fairly simple. Alick very helpfully told me that: The question is simply resolved if you use the correct term. These birds are ‘gulls’ not ‘seagulls’. Gulls are not exclusively sea dwelling birds. Most species are coastal and at various times of the year various species, all across the world, venture inland to feed and breed. Several of the largest gull breeding colonies in the UK are on upland moors. I’ve seen Pallas’s Gull in Kazakhstan – several hundred miles from the sea. Chris offered a similar answer: Gulls (for they are officially this, not seagulls) are found not just at sea. Many range inland for food, though often they will roost together in huge numbers on the sea at night. If you live in a coastal area one can see very early in the morning and again in the evening, the gulls, in large flocks, commuting back and forth between their inland feeding areas (cities, refuse dumps, ploughed fields etc) and their marine roosts, which vary according to wind and wave direction. … and it turns out we have some good writing on this on the Guardian already – just not in the Roman context, but the answer is broadly the same. Separately, there is a little plot twist as Guy spotted that the seagulls (or gulls, sorry!) on the roof could be… a little family! My wife and I are sure that the two gulls seen near the famous chimney are a nesting pair. We were quite mesmerised by them this afternoon (Wednesday) as we watched the live TV feed while waiting for the black smoke. Some time around 6pm a small chick appeared, clearly silhouetted against the sky. One of the parents fed it and it disappeared again. We imagine the nest must be in some cavity under the roof tiles. Did anybody else see that little chick? Here is the photo evidence. And that’s the secret of the Roman gulls. Glad we cleared that up. Give it another day and we will have to give them names. Some people appear to be prepared for a long, long wait. The cardinals were expected to be back in the Sistine Chapel at 4.30pm local time, and we understand that they have just gone in. So the fourth vote should be now getting under way any moment now. The next possible smoke would be probably around 5.30pm local time, but only if they elected a pope. That’s the round in which Benedict XVI was elected in 2005. Otherwise, we will have to wait until the fifth round is done, around 7pm, when we will get a smoke signal, whatever the result. But keep in mind that all these timings are purely for guidance: it may be earlier, may be later, and it’s only up to the 133 cardinals to decide the timings. I know, not very helpful. But I don’t make the rules! There are thought to be a number of different factions seeking to shape the outcome of the conclave. Broadly speaking, they can be characterised as progressives, conservatives, unifiers and the Italian contingent. Those involved in lobbying – including cardinal electors and cardinals ineligible to take part in the conclave as they are 80 or older – are hoping to sway newer, less experienced cardinals. About 80% of the 133 cardinal electors have not taken part in a conclave before; 21 were appointed just four months before Francis’s death. Some believe this means there is everything to play for. The progressives include those who want to preserve Francis’s legacy and push forward on his priorities. Issues such as inequality, marginalisation, the climate crisis and migration are important. They also want more lay people, including women, appointed to important Vatican positions; an orientation on the global south, where the Roman Catholic church is seeing its greatest growth; and an emphasis on a “poor church for the poor” rather than the pomp and rituals beloved of the traditionalists. You can read the full piece here: Activists belonging to a group who held a peaceful protest aimed at calling out the “injustice” against women in the Catholic church were detained by Vatican police, allegedly because they were deemed a “threat to security”. On Wednesday afternoon, as the cardinals began voting for the next pope, women from the UK-based Catholic Women’s Ordination (CWO) emitted pink smoke into the air on Rome’s Gianicolo hill, which overlooks St Peter’s Basilica. Later, as they gathered in St Peter’s square to wait for the outcome of the first conclave vote, they were surrounded by a group of police in plain clothes. “They swooped in and said, ‘Okay, ladies, documents, please,” said Miriam Duignan, who was dressed in pink. “I protested furiously.” The women, along with three nuns who just so happened to be talking to them, were taken to the Vatican’s police station. Duignan claimed that a police officer questioned her over the peaceful protest, for which the group had a permit. “But he said ‘you are still perceived as a security threat by the Vatican’.” The activists, who for years have been battling for women to become priests, were let go but banned from entering Vatican city for the remainder of the conclave. It is believed they were being watched after being arrested during a protest close to the Vatican in 2022. As the lunchbreak continues, thousands of pilgrims in the Vatican are trying to kill some time with all sorts of games and activities … The cardinals are expected to be back in the Sistine Chapel around 4.30pm local time (3.30 BST). Vatican official has just told me there are 6,000 media representatives from 90 countries here to cover the conclave. Black smoke billowed out of the Sistine Chapel chimney before lunch, indicating no decision on who should be the next pope after three rounds of votes. 133 cardinal elects are now taking a lunch break after the two morning votes. Two more rounds are scheduled for this afternoon/evening, starting from 4.30pm local time (3.30pm BST). Three out of last five popes were elected on the second day of conclave, but this year’s vote has a record-high number of electors, making the process more complex than usual. Historically, some of the conclaves were really drawn out: in 13th century, they needed three years, over 1,000 days, to choose Gregory X. There was also one that ended on the first day, when Julius II in 1503 was elected after just 10 hours. But looking at the last 150 years, these days it is usually a much shorter process: the longest election, of Pius XI in 1922, took 5 days. Francis was elected on the second day in 2013, after five rounds of voting. Benedict XVI needed just four rounds to be confirmed as the new pope in 2005, as did John Paul I in 1978. A bit more time was needed to confirm John Paul II – three days, eight rounds – in 1978, and John XXIII in 1958, with 11 votes over four days. But then his immediate predecessor, Pius XII was elected after just three rounds. So, the recent history seems to suggest they usually need 2 or 3 days, and we could be close to that moment. Or not: since the process is so secretive and there are so many moving elements with a record-high number of cardinals involved in the process this year, there’s no way to predict what happens behind the closed doors. There will be two further votes this afternoon and into the evening. But first, it’s time for lunch! The cardinals are expected to be back in the Sistine Chapel around 4.30pm local time (3.30pm London). As per earlier briefings, we were meant to see black smoke only if they failed to choose the pope before the lunch break, so at the conclusion of the two morning rounds. That takes us to three votes so far, with no conclusion. Interestingly, we got black smoke much earlier than we expected the morning rounds to conclude, which suggests the 133 cardinals have got the hang of it now and vote much more efficiently than last night. No decision on the pope again. The chimney cam is back (and so are the seagulls; I will come back to this later). Our live stream at the top is showing the chimney, too – although, as explained earlier, there is no guarantee we are going to get any smoke after the first round of voting. Let’s wait and see. In yesterday’s blog, we covered the profiles of most of the favourites, including the Italians – Vatican’s secretary of state Pietro Parolin and Bologna archbishop Matteo Zuppi – but also Filipino prelate Luis Antonio Tagle, Peter Turkson of Ghana, Péter Erdő of Hungary… But then remember the old saying: “he who enters the conclave as pope, leaves it as a cardinal,” as few frontrunners at the start of the process make it through the successive rounds of voting. You can catch up on their profiles here: But the Italian media are digging ever deeper to get some new anecdotes and stories about the candidates. Corriere della Sera reported today on rumours about the rising odds of the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem Pierbattista Pizzaballa, adding that “until a month ago, his cousin, a former footballer from the 70s and an unobtainable Panini [collection] sticker, was better known.” If you want to see the latest scenes from the Vatican, there is now a live stream showing St Peter’s Square and the chimney atop the Sistine Chapel pinned at the top of this page. What makes today slightly more tricky to follow is that while we have four rounds of voting, we may not get smoke after every one of them. As I said earlier, there will be up four rounds of voting today, expected roughly around 9.30am and midday local time, and then after a long lunch break, again at 5.30pm and 7pm local time. But according to the Italian media, what we see will depend on the results of the votes inside the Sistine Chapel. If the cardinals do elect a new pope, we should know straight away, with white smoke. But if they don’t, we will only see black smoke at the end of each voting session – morning or afternoon – and not after every vote. This means we will have to spend even more time looking closely at the chimney to get an idea of what is happening inside. After a good night sleep in the Santa Marta guesthouse in the Vatican and a morning mass, 133 cardinals electors will soon be back in the Sistine Chapel for another rounds of voting on who should be the next pope. The electors met earlier to celebrate mass and pray in the Pauline Chapel, and are due to move to the Sistine Chapel for prayers and votes. There will be up four rounds of voting today, expected roughly around 9.30am and midday local time, and then after a long lunch break, again at 5.30pm and 7pm local time. If you look at recent history, three of the last five popes were elected on the second day, so it’s fair to say we could see white smoke today. The majority required is 89 votes. But then again this conclave is like no other, with the largest and most diverse electorate of 133 cardinals from 70 countries, many of whom never met before the events of the last few weeks. We will bring you all the latest. It’s Thursday, 8 May 2025, it’s Jakub Krupa here, and this is Europe Live. Good morning.
Author: Marina Dunbar (now) and Jakub Krupa (earlier)